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Bayesian optimization. Bayesian optimization is a sequential design strategy for global optimization of black-box functions [1][2][3], that does not assume any functional forms. It is usually employed to optimize expensive-to-evaluate functions. With the rise of artificial intelligence innovation in the 21st century, Bayesian optimizations have ...
Explainable AI (XAI), often overlapping with interpretable AI, or explainable machine learning (XML), either refers to an artificial intelligence (AI) system over which it is possible for humans to retain intellectual oversight, or refers to the methods to achieve this. [1][2] The main focus is usually on the reasoning behind the decisions or ...
Black-box testing, sometimes referred to as specification-based testing, [ 1 ] is a method of software testing that examines the functionality of an application without peering into its internal structures or workings. This method of test can be applied virtually to every level of software testing: unit, integration, system and acceptance.
A white box (or glass box, clear box, or open box) is a subsystem whose internals can be viewed but usually not altered. [1] The term is used in systems engineering, software engineering, and in intelligent user interface design, [2][3] where it is closely related to recent interest in explainable artificial intelligence. [4][5] Having access ...
In science, computing, and engineering, a black box is a system which can be viewed in terms of its inputs and outputs (or transfer characteristics), without any knowledge of its internal workings. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Its implementation is "opaque" (black). The term can be used to refer to many inner workings, such as those of a transistor, an engine ...
Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm. The Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm is a deterministic quantum algorithm proposed by David Deutsch and Richard Jozsa in 1992 with improvements by Richard Cleve, Artur Ekert, Chiara Macchiavello, and Michele Mosca in 1998. [1][2] Although of little practical use, it is one of the first examples of a quantum algorithm that is ...
As its name implies, BlackBox Component Builder supports blackbox abstractions and reuse, in contrast to whitebox, as defined in the book Component Software by Szyperski. [6] [7] In 1993, it was released as Oberon/F [8] [9] [10] (for Oberon Framework) and was renamed to BlackBox Component Builder with release 1.3 end of the 1990s.
White-box testing is a method of testing the application at the level of the source code. These test cases are derived through the use of the design techniques mentioned above: control flow testing, data flow testing, branch testing, path testing, statement coverage and decision coverage as well as modified condition/decision coverage.