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The polypeptide chain then folds and is post-translationally modified. Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins. Proteins perform a number of critical functions as enzymes ...
Genetics. In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides are considered three at a time.
Most amino acids are synthesized from α- ketoacids, and later transaminated from another amino acid, usually glutamate. The enzyme involved in this reaction is an aminotransferase . α-ketoacid + glutamate ⇄ amino acid + α-ketoglutarate. Glutamate itself is formed by amination of α-ketoglutarate : α-ketoglutarate + NH+. 4 ⇄ glutamate.
Alanine (symbol Ala or A ), [ 4] or α-alanine, is an α- amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an amine group and a carboxylic acid group, both attached to the central carbon atom which also carries a methyl group side chain. Consequently it is classified as a nonpolar, aliphatic α-amino acid.
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Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins through the design and production of unnatural polypeptides, often by altering amino acid sequences found in nature. [ 1] It is a young discipline, with much research taking place into the understanding of protein folding and recognition for protein design principles ...
Data page. Glutamine (data page) Glutamine (symbol Gln or Q) [ 4] is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Its side chain is similar to that of glutamic acid, except the carboxylic acid group is replaced by an amide. It is classified as a charge-neutral, polar amino acid.
Biogenic amine. A biogenic amine is a biogenic substance with one or more amine groups. They are basic nitrogenous compounds formed mainly by decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones. Biogenic amines are organic bases with low molecular weight and are synthesized by microbial, vegetable and ...