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Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [1] explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the Old World (Afro-Eurasia). [1] Islamic geography had three major fields: exploration and navigation, physical geography , and cartography and mathematical geography . [ 1 ]
Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe. A Christian and a Muslim playing chess, illustration from the Book of Games of Alfonso X (c. 1285). [ 1] During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant.
The mosque structure is an important monument in the history of Islamic architecture and was highly influential on the subsequent "Moorish" architecture of the western Mediterranean regions of the Muslim world. It is also one of Spain's major historic monuments and tourist attractions, [19] as well as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1984. [20]
Medieval Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries), and mostly written in the Arabic language. These developments mostly took place in the Middle East, Central Asia, Al-Andalus, and North Africa, and later in the Far East and India.
Loudspeakers were invented in the early 20th century, and they were introduced in mosques in the 1930s, where they are used by a muezzin for the adhan ("call to prayer"), [ 1] and sometimes for khutbah in Islam. Outdoor loudspeakers, usually mounted on tall minarets, are used five times a day for the call to prayer. [ 2]
In his reign, a currency for the Muslim world was minted. This led to war with the Byzantine Empire under Justinian II (Battle of Sebastopolis) in 692 in Asia Minor. The Byzantines were decisively defeated by the Caliph after the defection of a large contingent of Slavs. The Islamic currency was then made the exclusive currency in the Muslim world.
Status of observance. Map of countries where Christmas is a formal public holiday either on December 24/25 or January 6/7. Colour shading indicates "Days of rest". Note: Slovenia does have two days of rest, but the 26th is not a Christmas-related public holiday ( Independence and Unity Day ). Many national governments recognize Christmas as an ...
The Tusi couple, a mathematical device invented by the Persian polymath Nasir al-Din Tusi to model the not perfectly circular motions of the planets. Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids and the Buyids in ...