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Derivative test. In calculus, a derivative test uses the derivatives of a function to locate the critical points of a function and determine whether each point is a local maximum, a local minimum, or a saddle point. Derivative tests can also give information about the concavity of a function. The usefulness of derivatives to find extrema is ...
In mathematics, the Wronskian of n differentiable functions is the determinant formed with the functions and their derivatives up to order n – 1. It was introduced in 1812 by the Polish mathematician Józef Wroński, and is used in the study of differential equations, where it can sometimes show the linear independence of a set of solutions.
Many authors do not name this test or give it a shorter name. [2] When testing if a series converges or diverges, this test is often checked first due to its ease of use. In the case of p-adic analysis the term test is a necessary and sufficient condition for convergence due to the non-archimedean triangle inequality.
The reciprocal rule can be used to show that the power rule holds for negative exponents if it has already been established for positive exponents. Also, one can readily deduce the quotient rule from the reciprocal rule and the product rule . The reciprocal rule states that if f is differentiable at a point x and f ( x ) ≠ 0 then g ( x) = 1 ...
Thus, the second partial derivative test indicates that f ( x, y) has saddle points at (0, −1) and (1, −1) and has a local maximum at since . At the remaining critical point (0, 0) the second derivative test is insufficient, and one must use higher order tests or other tools to determine the behavior of the function at this point.
Calculus. In calculus, the general Leibniz rule, [1] named after Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, generalizes the product rule (which is also known as "Leibniz's rule"). It states that if and are n -times differentiable functions, then the product is also n -times differentiable and its n -th derivative is given by where is the binomial coefficient ...
Delta method. In statistics, the delta method is a method of deriving the asymptotic distribution of a random variable. It is applicable when the random variable being considered can be defined as a differentiable function of a random variable which is asymptotically Gaussian .
In numerical analysis, the secant method is a root-finding algorithm that uses a succession of roots of secant lines to better approximate a root of a function f. The secant method can be thought of as a finite-difference approximation of Newton's method. However, the secant method predates Newton's method by over 3000 years.