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A drawing of a graph. In mathematics, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called arcs, links or lines ).
Algebraic graph theory is a branch of mathematics in which algebraic methods are applied to problems about graphs. This is in contrast to geometric, combinatoric, or algorithmic approaches. There are three main branches of algebraic graph theory, involving the use of linear algebra, the use of group theory, and the study of graph invariants .
Graph isomorphism. In graph theory, an isomorphism of graphs G and H is a bijection between the vertex sets of G and H. such that any two vertices u and v of G are adjacent in G if and only if and are adjacent in H. This kind of bijection is commonly described as "edge-preserving bijection", in accordance with the general notion of isomorphism ...
The Turán graph T(n,r) is an example of an extremal graph. It has the maximum possible number of edges for a graph on n vertices without (r + 1)-cliques. This is T(13,4). Extremal graph theory is a branch of combinatorics, itself an area of mathematics, that lies at the intersection of extremal combinatorics and graph theory. In essence ...
Total graph. Tree (graph theory). Trellis (graph) Turán graph. Ultrahomogeneous graph. Vertex-transitive graph. Visibility graph. Museum guard problem. Wheel graph.
Neighbourhood (graph theory) In this graph, the vertices adjacent to 5 are 1, 2 and 4. The neighbourhood of 5 is the graph consisting of the vertices 1, 2, 4 and the edge connecting 1 and 2. In graph theory, an adjacent vertex of a vertex v in a graph is a vertex that is connected to v by an edge. The neighbourhood of a vertex v in a graph G is ...
Edge-graceful labeling. In graph theory, an edge-graceful labeling is a type of graph labeling for simple, connected graphs in which no two distinct edges connect the same two distinct vertices and no edge connects a vertex to itself. Edge-graceful labelings were first introduced by Sheng-Ping Lo in his seminal paper.
In the mathematical area of graph theory, a clique ( / ˈkliːk / or / ˈklɪk /) is a subset of vertices of an undirected graph such that every two distinct vertices in the clique are adjacent. That is, a clique of a graph is an induced subgraph of that is complete. Cliques are one of the basic concepts of graph theory and are used in many ...