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Explore the history and diversity of surnames of Jewish origin on Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia.
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Several surnames have multiple spellings; this is sometimes due to unrelated families bearing the same surname. A single surname in either language may have multiple translations in the other. In some English translations of the names, the M(a)c- prefix may be omitted in the English, e.g. Bain vs MacBain, Cowan vs MacCowan, Ritchie vs MacRitchie.
Rarer names tend to accumulate in the north and south. Huber is common in southern Bavaria and is, with the exception of Munich, the most frequent name in that area. Patronymic surnames such as Jansen/Janssen, Hansen, and Petersen are the most common names in the far north (Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein).
Aquamarine variety of beryl with tourmaline on orthoclase. Arsenopyrite from Hidalgo del Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico. Aurichalcite needles spraying out within a protected pocket lined by bladed calcite crystals. Austinite from the Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Durango, Mexico. Ametrine containing amethyst and citrine, from Bolivia.
Garza – 335,829 – From Basque and Galician, Spanish meaning "heron", used as a descriptor or as part of a place name. Velásquez – 331,510 – Son of Velasco Estrada – 324,103 – From various places called Estrada, meaning "road", from Latin stata "via" denoting a paved way.
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For ease of use, the [i] in front of the last name, and the ending _ve, were dropped. If the last name ends in [a], then removing the [j] would give the name of the patriarch or the place, as in, Grudaj - j = Gruda (place in MM). Otherwise, removing the whole ending [aj] yields the name of founder or place of origin, as in Lekaj - aj = Lek(ë).