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With around 204 million Muslims (2019 estimate), India's Muslim population is the world's third-largest [93] [94] [95] and the world's largest Muslim-minority population. [96] India is home to 10.9% of the world's Muslim population. [93] [97] According to Pew Research Center, there can be 213 million Muslims in 2020, India's 15% population.
Muslim rule in India saw a major shift in the cultural, linguistic, and religious makeup of the subcontinent. [8] Persian and Arabic vocabulary began to enter local languages, giving way to modern Punjabi, Bengali, and Gujarati, while creating new languages including Hindustani and its dialect, Deccani , used as official languages under Muslim ...
Kashmir. Coordinates: 34.5°N 76.5°E. Kashmir ( / ˈkæʃmɪər / KASH-meer or / kæʃˈmɪər / kash-MEER) is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term "Kashmir" denoted only the Kashmir Valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal Range.
Map of the central Ladakh region. Ladakh is the highest plateau in India with most of it being over 3,000 m (9,800 ft). [20] It extends from the Himalayan to the Kunlun [68] Ranges and includes the upper Indus River valley. The confluence of the Indus (flowing left-to-right) and Zanskar (coming in from top) rivers.
Islam. Islam is the second-largest religion in South Asia, with more than 650 million Muslims living there, forming about one-third of the region's population. Islam first spread along the coastal regions of the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka, almost as soon as it started in the Arabian Peninsula, as the Arab traders brought it to South Asia.
After that Muslim dynasties rose; some of these dynasties established notable and prominent Muslim empires, such as the Umayyad Empire and later the Abbasid Empire, [1] [2] Ottoman Empire centered around Anatolia, the Safavid Empire of Persia, and the Mughal Empire in India. [citation needed]
The most of today's Afghanistan became part of the Muslim world in the reign of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz. Ghur in Khurasan was the only part of Muslim world that had defied the Umayyad tradition of cursing Ali. [39] The family of the first Rashidun Caliph Abu Bakr had resisted the Umayyad rule.
Islam. The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries. Earlier Muslim conquests in the subcontinent include the invasions which started in the northwestern subcontinent (modern-day Pakistan ), especially the Umayyad campaigns during the 8th century.