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  2. Cell polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_polarity

    Cell polarity. Cell polarity refers to spatial differences in shape, structure, and function within a cell. Almost all cell types exhibit some form of polarity, which enables them to carry out specialized functions. Classical examples of polarized cells are described below, including epithelial cells with apical-basal polarity, neurons in which ...

  3. Hyperpolarization (biology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperpolarization_(biology)

    Hyperpolarization (biology) Hyperpolarization is a change in a cell's membrane potential that makes it more negative. It is the opposite of a depolarization. It inhibits action potentials by increasing the stimulus required to move the membrane potential to the action potential threshold. Hyperpolarization is often caused by efflux of K + (a ...

  4. Depolarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolarization

    Depolarization is essential to the function of many cells, communication between cells, and the overall physiology of an organism. Action potential in a neuron, showing depolarization, in which the cell's internal charge becomes less negative (more positive), and repolarization, where the internal charge returns to a more negative value.

  5. Repolarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repolarization

    Repolarization is a stage of an action potential in which the cell experiences a decrease of voltage due to the efflux of potassium (K +) ions along its electrochemical gradient. This phase occurs after the cell reaches its highest voltage from depolarization. After repolarization, the cell hyperpolarizes as it reaches resting membrane ...

  6. Polarization (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization_(waves)

    P polarization is commonly referred to as transverse-magnetic (TM), and has also been termed pi-polarized or tangential plane polarized. S polarization is also called transverse-electric (TE), as well as sigma-polarized or sagittal plane polarized.

  7. Transverse wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_wave

    Mathematically, the simplest kind of transverse wave is a plane linearly polarized sinusoidal one. "Plane" here means that the direction of propagation is unchanging and the same over the whole medium; "linearly polarized" means that the direction of displacement too is unchanging and the same over the whole medium; and the magnitude of the displacement is a sinusoidal function only of time ...

  8. Chemical polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity

    Two charges are present with a negative charge in the middle (red shade), and a positive charge at the ends (blue shade). In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole moment, with a negatively charged end and a positively charged end.

  9. Group polarization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_polarization

    Group polarization is an important phenomenon in social psychology and is observable in many social contexts. For example, a group of women who hold moderately feminist views tend to demonstrate heightened pro-feminist beliefs following group discussion. [3]