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The ampere balance. The ampere balance (also current balance or Kelvin balance) is an electromechanical apparatus used for the precise measurement of the SI unit of electric current, the ampere. It was invented by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin . The current to be measured is passed in series through two coils of wire, one of which is ...
Kirchhoff's circuit laws were originally obtained from experimental results. However, the current law can be viewed as an extension of the conservation of charge, since charge is the product of current and the time the current has been flowing. If the net charge in a region is constant, the current law will hold on the boundaries of the region.
Fluid dynamics. In fluid dynamics, the continuity equation states that the rate at which mass enters a system is equal to the rate at which mass leaves the system plus the accumulation of mass within the system. [ 1][ 2] The differential form of the continuity equation is: [ 1] where. u is the flow velocity vector field.
An electric current is a flow of charged particles, [1] [2] [3] such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is defined as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface. [4] : 2 [5] : 622 The moving particles are called charge carriers, which may be one of several types of particles, depending on ...
In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero temperature, while the conduction band is the lowest range of vacant electronic states.
The convection–diffusion equation is a combination of the diffusion and convection ( advection) equations, and describes physical phenomena where particles, energy, or other physical quantities are transferred inside a physical system due to two processes: diffusion and convection. Depending on context, the same equation can be called the ...
Electrical reactance. In electrical circuits, reactance is the opposition presented to alternating current by inductance and capacitance. [1] Along with resistance, it is one of two elements of impedance; however, while both elements involve transfer of electrical energy, no dissipation of electrical energy as heat occurs in reactance; instead ...
Mass balance. In physics, a mass balance, also called a material balance, is an application of conservation of mass [1] to the analysis of physical systems. By accounting for material entering and leaving a system, mass flows can be identified which might have been unknown, or difficult to measure without this technique.