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Biliary tract. The biliary tract (also biliary tree or biliary system) refers to the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile. [1] Bile consists of water, electrolytes, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and conjugated bilirubin. [2] Some components are synthesized by hepatocytes (liver ...
A hepatectomy is considered a major surgical procedure performed under general anesthesia. Access is accomplished by laparotomy, historically by a bilateral subcostal ("chevron") incision, possibly with midline extension (Calne or "Mercedes-Benz" incision). Nowadays a broadly used approach for open liver resections is the J incision, consisting ...
Hepatology is the branch of medicine that incorporates the study of liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, and pancreas as well as management of their disorders. Although traditionally considered a sub-specialty of gastroenterology, rapid expansion has led in some countries to doctors specializing solely on this area, who are called hepatologists .
A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile, and is present in most vertebrates. The bile duct is separated into three main parts: the fundus (superior), the body (middle), and the neck (inferior). Bile is required for the digestion of food and is secreted by the liver into passages that carry bile toward the ...
herpesviral: herpes simplex infection. Toxoplasmosis. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis. Liver disease in syphilis. Epstein–Barr virus infection. yellow fever virus infection. rubella virus infection. leptospirosis.
Gastroenterology (from the Greek gastḗr- "belly", -énteron "intestine", and -logía "study of") is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders. [1] The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract, sometimes referred to as the GI tract, which includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large ...
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP) is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems. It is primarily performed by highly skilled and specialty trained gastroenterologists. Through the endoscope, the physician can see the ...
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous hepatic cholangiogram ( PTHC) is a radiological technique used to visualize the anatomy of the biliary tract. [1] A contrast medium is injected into a bile duct in the liver, after which X-rays are taken. It allows access to the biliary tree in cases where endoscopic retrograde ...