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  2. Galactic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic_coordinate_system

    Galactic coordinate system. Artist's depiction of the Milky Way Galaxy showing the origin and orientation of galactic longitude. The galactic longitude ( l) runs from the Sun upwards in the image through the center of the galaxy. The galactic latitude ( b) is perpendicular to the image (i.e. coming out of the image) and also centered on the Sun.

  3. Geographic coordinate conversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate...

    In geodesy, geographic coordinate conversion is defined as translation among different coordinate formats or map projections all referenced to the same geodetic datum. [ 1] A geographic coordinate transformation is a translation among different geodetic datums. Both geographic coordinate conversion and transformation will be considered in this ...

  4. Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Transverse...

    v. t. e. The Universal Transverse Mercator ( UTM) is a map projection system for assigning coordinates to locations on the surface of the Earth. Like the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is a horizontal position representation, which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth surface as a perfect ellipsoid.

  5. Geographic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system

    v. t. e. A geographic coordinate system ( GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [ 1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.

  6. ISO 6709 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_6709

    ISO 6709, Standard representation of geographic point location by coordinates, is the international standard for representation of latitude, longitude and altitude for geographic point locations. The first edition ( ISO 6709:1983) was developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1 /SC 32. Later the standard was transferred to ISO/TC211, Geographic information ...

  7. Null Island - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_Island

    Null Island is the location at zero degrees latitude and zero degrees longitude ( 0°N 0°E ), i.e., where the prime meridian and the equator intersect. Since there is no landmass located at these coordinates, it is not an actual island. The name is often used in mapping software as a placeholder to help find and correct database entries that ...

  8. Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-centered,_Earth...

    The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF ), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.

  9. Geohash - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geohash

    Geohash. The 6g cell and its sub-grid. Geohash is a public domain geocode system invented in 2008 by Gustavo Niemeyer [ 1] which encodes a geographic location into a short string of letters and digits. Similar ideas were introduced by G.M. Morton in 1966. [ 2] It is a hierarchical spatial data structure which subdivides space into buckets of ...