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A drawing of a graph. In mathematics, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called arcs, links or lines ).
Total graph. Tree (graph theory). Trellis (graph) Turán graph. Ultrahomogeneous graph. Vertex-transitive graph. Visibility graph. Museum guard problem. Wheel graph.
Algebraic graph theory is a branch of mathematics in which algebraic methods are applied to problems about graphs. This is in contrast to geometric, combinatoric, or algorithmic approaches. There are three main branches of algebraic graph theory, involving the use of linear algebra, the use of group theory, and the study of graph invariants .
This graph becomes disconnected when the right-most node in the gray area on the left is removed This graph becomes disconnected when the dashed edge is removed.. In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of graph theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements (nodes or edges) that need to be removed to separate the remaining nodes into two or more ...
The reconstruction conjecture of Stanisław Ulam is one of the best-known open problems in graph theory.Using the terminology of Frank Harary it can be stated as follows: If G and H are two graphs on at least three vertices and ƒ is a bijection from V(G) to V(H) such that G\{v} and H\{ƒ(v)} are isomorphic for all vertices v in V(G), then G and H are isomorphic.
The problem of constructing a solution for the graph realization problem with the additional constraint that each such solution comes with the same probability was shown to have a polynomial-time approximation scheme for the degree sequences of regular graphs by Cooper, Martin, and Greenhill. The general problem is still unsolved. References
The concept of NP-completeness was introduced in 1971 (see Cook–Levin theorem ), though the term NP-complete was introduced later. At the 1971 STOC conference, there was a fierce debate between the computer scientists about whether NP-complete problems could be solved in polynomial time on a deterministic Turing machine.
The Heawood graph is bipartite. In the mathematical field of graph theory, a bipartite graph (or bigraph) is a graph whose vertices can be divided into two disjoint and independent sets and , that is, every edge connects a vertex in to one in . Vertex sets and are usually called the parts of the graph. Equivalently, a bipartite graph is a graph ...
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