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English Braille, also known as Grade 2 Braille, [1] is the braille alphabet used for English. It consists of around 250 letters ( phonograms ), numerals, punctuation, formatting marks, contractions, and abbreviations ( logograms ). Some English Braille letters, such as ⠡ ch , [2] correspond to more than one letter in print.
Romanian Braille is the braille alphabet of the Romanian language. It has the 25 letters of basic French Braille (no w) plus the following additional letters: ă. î. ș. ț. â. Note that w is absent in Romanian braille as its usage in the Romanian language is very rare and occurs only in foreign words. Much of the punctuation and formatting ...
French Braille is the original braille alphabet, and the basis of all others. The alphabetic order of French has become the basis of the international braille convention, used by most braille alphabets around the world. However, only the 25 basic letters of the French alphabet plus w have become internationalized; the additional letters are ...
Scandinavian Braille is a braille alphabet used, with differences in orthography and punctuation, for the languages of the mainland Nordic countries: Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, and Finnish. In a generally reduced form it is used for Greenlandic . Scandinavian Braille is very close to French Braille, with slight modification of some of the ...
Digits are the first ten letters of the alphabet, and are marked by ⠼, as in English Braille. Although a dot as full stop (period) is ⠲ , a dot as a digit separator, as in 3.500 for three thousand five hundred, is ⠄ ( ⠼ ⠉ ⠄ ⠑ ⠚ ⠚ ).
IPA Braille is the modern standard Braille encoding of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), as recognized by the International Council on English Braille . A braille version of the IPA was first created by Merrick and Potthoff in 1934, and published in London. It was used in France, Germany, and anglophone countries.
Similar braille conventions are used for three languages of India and Nepal that in print are written in Devanagari script: Hindi, Marathi, and Nepali. These are part of a family of related braille alphabets known as Bharati Braille. There are apparently some differences between the Nepali braille alphabet of India and that of Nepal.
Turkish Braille follows international usage. The vowels with diacritics, ö and ü, have their French/German forms, whereas the consonants with diacritics, ç, ğ, and ş, have the forms of the nearest English approximations, ch, gh, and sh. Dotless i is derived by shifting down. [1] [2] [3] The accent point, ⠈, is used for â, î, û.
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