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For example, 3 5 = 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 = 243. The base 3 appears 5 times in the multiplication, because the exponent is 5. Here, 243 is the 5th power of 3, or 3 raised to the 5th power. The word "raised" is usually omitted, and sometimes "power" as well, so 3 5 can be simply read "3 to the 5th", or "3 to
Knuth's up-arrow notation. In mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976. [ 1] In his 1947 paper, [ 2] R. L. Goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called hyperoperations. Goodstein also suggested the Greek names tetration, pentation ...
The term hyperpower [4] is a natural combination of hyper and power, which aptly describes tetration. The problem lies in the meaning of hyper with respect to the hyperoperation sequence. When considering hyperoperations, the term hyper refers to all ranks, and the term super refers to rank 4, or tetration.
A power of two is a number of the form 2n where n is an integer, that is, the result of exponentiation with number two as the base and integer n as the exponent . Powers of two with non-negative exponents are integers: 20 = 1, 21 = 2, and 2n is two multiplied by itself n times. [ 1][ 2] The first ten powers of 2 for non-negative values of n are:
Order of operations. In mathematicsand computer programming, the order of operationsis a collection of rules that reflect conventions about which operations to perform first in order to evaluate a given mathematical expression. These rules are formalized with a ranking of the operations. The rank of an operation is called its precedence, and an ...
Ontology is the philosophical study of being. As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it. To articulate the basic structure of being, ontology examines what all entities have in common and how they are divided into fundamental classes, known as categories.
Calculus. In the mathematical field of complex analysis, contour integration is a method of evaluating certain integrals along paths in the complex plane. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Contour integration is closely related to the calculus of residues, [ 4] a method of complex analysis . One use for contour integrals is the evaluation of integrals along the ...
Arithmetic is an elementary branch of mathematics that studies numerical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. In a wider sense, it also includes exponentiation, extraction of roots, and taking logarithms . Arithmetic systems can be distinguished based on the type of numbers they operate on.