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Alternative fuels, also known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, [ 1] are fuels derived from sources other than petroleum. [ 2] Alternative fuels include gaseous fossil fuels like propane, natural gas, methane, and ammonia; biofuels like biodiesel, bioalcohol, and refuse-derived fuel; and other renewable fuels like hydrogen and electricity.
Renewable fuels are fuels produced from renewable resources. Examples include: biofuels (e.g. Vegetable oil used as fuel, ethanol, methanol from clean energy and carbon dioxide [1] or biomass, and biodiesel), Hydrogen fuel (when produced with renewable processes), and fully synthetic fuel (also known as electrofuel) produced from ambient carbon dioxide and water.
Petrochemicals (sometimes abbreviated as petchems[ 1]) are the chemical products obtained from petroleum by refining. Some chemical compounds made from petroleum are also obtained from other fossil fuels, such as coal or natural gas, or renewable sources such as maize, palm fruit or sugar cane . The two most common petrochemical classes are ...
Renewable energy is more evenly distributed around the world than fossil fuels, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. [27] It also brings health benefits by reducing air pollution caused by the burning of fossil fuels. The potential worldwide savings in health care costs have been estimated at trillions of dollars annually.
Biomass (in the context of energy generation) is matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms which is used for bioenergy production. There are variations in how such biomass for energy is defined, e.g. only from plants, [ 8] or from plants and algae, [ 9] or from plants and animals. [ 10] The vast majority of biomass used for bioenergy ...
Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil ( petroleum) as it is processed in oil refineries. Unlike petrochemicals, which are a collection of well-defined usually pure organic compounds, petroleum products are complex mixtures. [ 1] Most petroleum is converted into petroleum products, which include several classes of fuels.
Carbon-neutral fuel is fuel which produces no net- greenhouse gas emissions or carbon footprint. In practice, this usually means fuels that are made using carbon dioxide (CO 2) as a feedstock. Proposed carbon-neutral fuels can broadly be grouped into synthetic fuels, which are made by chemically hydrogenating carbon dioxide, and biofuels, which ...
A fossil fuel[ a] is a carbon compound - or hydrocarbon -containing material such as coal, oil, and natural gas, [ 2] formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants and planktons ), a process that occurs within geological formations. Reservoirs of such compound mixtures can be extracted and ...