Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
In mathematics, Bézout's identity (also called Bézout's lemma ), named after Étienne Bézout who proved it for polynomials, is the following theorem : Bézout's identity — Let a and b be integers with greatest common divisor d. Then there exist integers x and y such that ax + by = d. Moreover, the integers of the form az + bt are exactly ...
In mathematics, Euler's identity[ note 1] (also known as Euler's equation) is the equality where. is pi, the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter. Euler's identity is named after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler. It is a special case of Euler's formula when evaluated for .
Euler's totient function is a multiplicative function, meaning that if two numbers m and n are relatively prime, then φ(mn) = φ(m)φ(n). [ 4][ 5] This function gives the order of the multiplicative group of integers modulo n (the group of units of the ring ). [ 6] It is also used for defining the RSA encryption system .
v. t. e. Euler's formula, named after Leonhard Euler, is a mathematical formula in complex analysis that establishes the fundamental relationship between the trigonometric functions and the complex exponential function. Euler's formula states that, for any real number x, one has where e is the base of the natural logarithm, i is the imaginary ...
In mathematics, an identity is an equality relating one mathematical expression A to another mathematical expression B, such that A and B (which might contain some variables) produce the same value for all values of the variables within a certain domain of discourse. [ 1][ 2] In other words, A = B is an identity if A and B define the same ...
Goldbach's conjecture is one of the oldest and best-known unsolved problems in number theory and all of mathematics. It states that every even natural number greater than 2 is the sum of two prime numbers. The conjecture has been shown to hold for all integers less than 4 × 10 18 but remains unproven despite considerable effort.
In two dimensions, 2x 1 + 2x 2 is the perimeter of a rectangle with sides of length x 1 and x 2. Similarly, 4 √ x 1 x 2 is the perimeter of a square with the same area, x 1 x 2, as that rectangle. Thus for n = 2 the AM–GM inequality states that a rectangle of a given area has the smallest perimeter if that rectangle is also a square.
Description. The simplest and most common form of mathematical induction infers that a statement involving a natural number n (that is, an integer n ≥ 0 or 1) holds for all values of n. The proof consists of two steps: The base case (or initial case ): prove that the statement holds for 0, or 1. The induction step (or inductive step, or step ...