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Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) [ 1] is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database. [ 2]
The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.
The rendering engine starts and a dialog appears to show the rendering progress. When rendering is complete, the dialog shows "The document file has been generated. Download the file to your computer." Click the download link to open the PDF in your selected PDF viewer. PDFs are rendered in a single full-width column. At the end are added:
Project Gutenberg ( PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks ." [ 2] It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital library. [ 3] Most of the items in its collection are the full texts of books or individual stories in ...
The n-grams are matched with the text within the selected corpus, and if found in 40 or more books, are then displayed as a graph. [6] The Google Books Ngram Viewer supports searches for parts of speech and wildcards. [6] It is routinely used in research. [7] [8]
The RIS file format —two letters, two spaces and a hyphen—is a tagged format for expressing bibliographic citations. According to the specifications, [ 3][ 4][ 5] the lines must end with the ASCII carriage return and line feed characters. Note that this is the convention on Microsoft Windows, while in other contemporary operating systems ...
The EPUB format is the most widely supported e-book format, supported by most e-book readers except Amazon Kindle [a] devices. Most e-book readers also support the PDF and plain text formats. E-book software can be used to convert e-books from one format to another, as well as to create, edit and publish e-books.