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Immunoglobulin M. Immunoglobulin M ( IgM) is the largest of several isotypes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulin) that are produced by vertebrates. IgM is the first antibody to appear in the response to initial exposure to an antigen; [ 1][ 2] causing it to also be called an acute phase antibody. In humans and other mammals that have ...
Hyper IgM syndrome is a rare primary immune deficiency disorders characterized by low or absent levels of serum IgG, IgA, IgE and normal or increased levels of serum IgM. [ 8] They are resulting from mutations in the pathway from B-cell activation to isotype class switching. Patients with HIGM are usually diagnosed within the first two years of ...
Hematology. Isolated primary immunoglobulin M deficiency [1] is a poorly defined dysgammaglobulinemia characterized by decreased levels of IgM while levels of other immunoglobulins are normal. The immunodeficiency has been associated with some clinical disorders including recurrent infections, atopy, Bloom's syndrome, celiac disease, systemic ...
Cold agglutinin disease ( CAD) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of high concentrations of circulating cold sensitive antibodies, usually IgM and autoantibodies that are also active at temperatures below 30 °C (86 °F), [ 1] directed against red blood cells, causing them to agglutinate and undergo lysis. [ 2]
Antiganglioside antibodies. Antiganglioside antibodies that react to self- gangliosides are found in autoimmune neuropathies. These antibodies were first found to react with cerebellar cells. [ 1] These antibodies show highest association with certain forms of Guillain–Barré syndrome .
Hypergammaglobulinemia is a condition that is characterized by the increased levels of a certain immunoglobulin in the blood serum. [1] The name of the disorder refers to an excess of proteins after serum protein electrophoresis (found in the gammaglobulin region). [citation needed] Most hypergammaglobulinemias are caused by an excess of ...
The fragment crystallizable region ( Fc region) is the tail region of an antibody that interacts with cell surface receptors called Fc receptors and some proteins of the complement system. This region allows antibodies to activate the immune system, for example, through binding to Fc receptors. In IgG, IgA and IgD antibody isotypes, the Fc ...
Immunoglobulin G. The water-accessible surface area of an IgG antibody. Immunoglobulin G ( IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. [ 1] IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells.