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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO / ˈneɪtoʊ / NAY-toh; French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states —30 European and 2 North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implements ...
NATO has its roots in the Atlantic Charter, a 1941 agreement between the United States and United Kingdom. The Charter laid out a framework for international cooperation without territorial expansion after World War II. [ 3 ] The Treaty of Brussels was a mutual defense treaty against the Soviet threat at the start of the Cold War.
Founding members and enlargement. NATO was established on 4 April 1949 via the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty (Washington Treaty). The 12 founding members of the Alliance were: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [ 4]
The rationale was to allow for ‘a non-aligned buffer zone’ between the Russian border and that of the NATO states. [20] Gorbachev denied those claims and stated that the promise from NATO not to enlarge eastward is a myth. He also said, "The decision for the U.S. and its allies to expand NATO into the east was decisively made in 1993.
c. ^ "Europe" as defined by the International Monetary Fund. Europe is a continent [t] located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east.
Russia,[b]or the Russian Federation,[c]is a country spanning Eastern Europeand North Asia. It is the largest country in the world by area, extending across eleven time zonesand sharing land borders with fourteen countries. [d]It is the world's ninth-most populous countryand Europe's most populous country. Russia is a highly urbanised country ...
History of Russia. Medieval Russian states around 1470, including Novgorod, Tver, Pskov, Ryazan, Rostov and Moscow. The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. [1] [2] The traditional start date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in 862, ruled by Varangians.
As a fundamental component of NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty is a product of the US' desire to avoid overextension at the end of World War II, and consequently pursue multilateralism in Europe. [2] It is part of the US' collective defense arrangement with Western European powers, following a long and deliberative process. [ 3 ]