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Founding members and enlargement. NATO was established on 4 April 1949 via the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty (Washington Treaty). The 12 founding members of the Alliance were: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [ 4]
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO / ˈneɪtoʊ / NAY-toh; French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, OTAN ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 32 member states —30 European and 2 North American. Established in the aftermath of World War II, the organization implements ...
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa.
The post–Cold War era is a period of history that follows the end of the Cold War, which represents history after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. This period saw many former Soviet republics become sovereign nations, as well as the introduction of market economies in eastern Europe. This period also marked the United ...
Thirty years ago, Russia had a buffer zone of satellite states to its west. Now it has only the unimpressive presence of Belarus. Russia’s western border is NATO’s eastern flank.
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. The Warsaw Pact ( WP ), [ d] formally the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance ( TFCMA ), [ e] was a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Poland, between the Soviet Union and seven other Eastern Bloc socialist republics of Central and Eastern Europe in May 1955, during the Cold ...
As a fundamental component of NATO, the North Atlantic Treaty is a product of the US' desire to avoid overextension at the end of World War II, and consequently pursue multilateralism in Europe. [2] It is part of the US' collective defense arrangement with Western European powers, following a long and deliberative process. [ 3 ]
Russia,[b]or the Russian Federation,[c]is a country spanning Eastern Europeand North Asia. It is the largest country in the world by area, extending across eleven time zonesand sharing land borders with fourteen countries. [d]It is the world's ninth-most populous countryand Europe's most populous country. Russia is a highly urbanised country ...