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The shikimate pathway is a metabolic pathway that produces folates and aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine) in plants and some microorganisms. It involves seven enzymes and starts with phosphoenol pyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate as substrates.
Learn how purines are synthesized and degraded in various organisms, and how they are involved in nucleotides and hypoxanthine. Find out the enzymes, substrates, and regulators of purine metabolism, and the pathways of purine degradation.
Learn how amino acids are produced by various biochemical processes in different organisms. Find out how glutamate, glutamine, proline, arginine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and serine are synthesized from different precursors and regulated by different mechanisms.
In enzymology, the committed step (also known as the first committed step) is an effectively irreversible enzymatic reaction that occurs at a branch point during the biosynthesis of some molecules. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] As the name implies, after this step, the molecules are "committed" to the pathway and will ultimately end up in the pathway's final ...
The Curtius rearrangement is the thermal decomposition of an acyl azide to an isocyanate with loss of nitrogen gas. The reaction is concerted and occurs with retention of configuration, and can be catalyzed by acids or photochemically. The isocyanate can be hydrolyzed or attacked by various nucleophiles to form amines, carbamates or ureas.
Learn about the linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell, such as glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and fatty acid synthesis. Explore the types, functions, and regulation of metabolic pathways in different organisms and compartments.
Learn how cells produce new proteins from DNA templates through transcription and translation. Find out the differences and similarities between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and the role of protein biosynthesis in disease.
Biosynthesis is a term for multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where nutrients or previously converted substances are converted into simpler or more complex products by living organisms. Learn about the elements, properties, and examples of biosynthesis, such as the formation of lipid membranes, nucleic acids, and macromolecules.