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Chemically, PCP is a member of the arylcyclohexylamine class, and pharmacologically, it is a dissociative anesthetic. [ 5][ 10][ 11] PCP works primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist. [ 10] PCP is most commonly used in the United States. [ 12] While usage peaked in the US in the 1970s, [ 13] between 2005 and 2011 an increase in visits to ...
Cyclohexylamine is used as an intermediate in synthesis of other organic compounds. It is the precursor to sulfenamide -based reagents used as accelerators for vulcanization. The amine itself is an effective corrosion inhibitor. It has been used as a flushing aid in the printing ink industry. [ 5]
Phenylpropanoid. The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are biosynthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine in the shikimic acid pathway. [ 1] Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of coumaric acid, which is the central ...
Shikimate pathway. The shikimate pathway ( shikimic acid pathway) is a seven-step metabolic pathway used by bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, some protozoans, and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids ( tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine ). This pathway is not found in mammals.
The pentose phosphate pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway (also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt or HMP shunt) is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis. [ 1] It generates NADPH and pentoses (five- carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate, a precursor for the synthesis of nucleotides. [ 1]
The Randle cycle is a biochemical mechanism involving the competition between glucose and fatty acids for their oxidation and uptake in muscle and adipose tissue. The cycle controls fuel selection and adapts the substrate supply and demand in normal tissues. This cycle adds a nutrient-mediated fine tuning on top of the more coarse hormonal ...
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems. More generally, xenobiotic metabolism (from the Greek xenos "stranger" and biotic "related to living beings") is the set of metabolic pathways that modify the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are compounds foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as any drug ...
Glyoxylate cycle. The glyoxylate cycle, a variation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is an anabolic pathway occurring in plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi. The glyoxylate cycle centers on the conversion of acetyl-CoA to succinate for the synthesis of carbohydrates. [ 1] In microorganisms, the glyoxylate cycle allows cells to use two carbons ...