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2. List of unsolved problems in mathematics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

   Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.

3. Fraction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction

   A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or ⁠ ⁠, where a and b are both integers. [ 9] As with other fractions, the denominator ( b) cannot be zero. Examples include ⁠ 1 2 ⁠, − ⁠ 8 5 ⁠, ⁠ −8 5 ⁠, and ⁠ 8 −5 ⁠.

4. Knapsack problem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knapsack_problem

   Definition. The most common problem being solved is the 0-1 knapsack problem, which restricts the number of copies of each kind of item to zero or one. Given a set of items numbered from 1 up to , each with a weight and a value , along with a maximum weight capacity , subject to and . Here represents the number of instances of item to include ...

5. Rhind Mathematical Papyrus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus

   Problems 1–6 compute divisions of a certain number of loaves of bread by 10 men and record the outcome in unit fractions. Problems 7–20 show how to multiply the expressions 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 = 7/4, and 1 + 2/3 + 1/3 = 2 by different fractions. Problems 21–23 are problems in completion, which in modern notation are simply subtraction problems.

6. Pi - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi

   Fractions such as ⁠ 22 / 7 ⁠ and ⁠ 355 / 113 ⁠ are commonly used to approximate π, but no common fraction (ratio of whole numbers) can be its exact value. [20] Because π is irrational, it has an infinite number of digits in its decimal representation , and does not settle into an infinitely repeating pattern of digits.

7. Floating-point arithmetic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating-point_arithmetic

   In computing, floating-point arithmetic ( FP) is arithmetic that represents subsets of real numbers using an integer with a fixed precision, called the significand, scaled by an integer exponent of a fixed base. Numbers of this form are called floating-point numbers. [ 1]: 3 [ 2]: 10 For example, 12.345 is a floating-point number in base ten ...

8. Word problem (mathematics education) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word_problem_(mathematics...

   For instance, if the one solving the math word problem has a limited understanding of the language (English, Spanish, etc.) they are more likely to not understand what the problem is even asking. In Example 1 (above), if one does not comprehend the definition of the word "spent," they will misunderstand the entire purpose of the word problem.

9. Pell's equation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell's_equation

   Pell's equation. Pell's equation for n = 2 and six of its integer solutions. Pell's equation, also called the Pell–Fermat equation, is any Diophantine equation of the form where n is a given positive nonsquare integer, and integer solutions are sought for x and y. In Cartesian coordinates, the equation is represented by a hyperbola; solutions ...