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The romanization of Japanese is the use of Latin script to write the Japanese language. [ 1] This method of writing is sometimes referred to in Japanese as rōmaji (ローマ字, lit. 'Roman letters', [ɾoːma (d)ʑi] ⓘ or [ɾoːmaꜜ (d)ʑi]). Japanese is normally written in a combination of logographic characters borrowed from Chinese ...
Hepburn romanization ( Japanese: ヘボン式ローマ字, Hepburn: Hebon-shiki rōmaji, lit. 'Hepburn-style Roman letters ') is the main system of romanization for the Japanese language. The system was originally published in 1867 by American Christian missionary and physician James Curtis Hepburn as the standard in the first edition of his ...
e. Nihon-shiki ( Japanese: 日本式ローマ字, lit. 'Japan-style', romanized as Nihonsiki in the system itself) is a romanization system for transliterating the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet. Among the major romanization systems for Japanese, it is the most regular one and has an almost one-to-one relation to the kana writing system.
Kunrei-shiki romanization ( Japanese: 訓令式ローマ字, Hepburn: Kunrei-shiki rōmaji), also known as the Monbusho system (named after the endonym for the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) or MEXT system, [1] is the Cabinet -ordered romanization system for transcribing the Japanese language into the Latin ...
The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.
Semantic Scholar. Semantic Scholar is a research tool for scientific literature powered by artificial intelligence. It is developed at the Allen Institute for AI and was publicly released in November 2015. [ 2] Semantic Scholar uses modern techniques in natural language processing to support the research process, for example by providing ...
In linguistics, romanization is the conversion of text from a different writing system to the Roman (Latin) script, or a system for doing so. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word, and combinations of both. Transcription methods can be subdivided into ...
Japanese Historical Text Initiative. Japanese Historical Text Initiative ( JHTI) is a searchable online database of Japanese historical documents and English translations. It is part of the Center for Japanese Studies at the University of California at Berkeley. [1]