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A UPC barcode. The Universal Product Code (UPC or UPC code) is a barcode symbology that is used worldwide for tracking trade items in stores.. The chosen symbology has bars (or spaces) of exactly 1, 2, 3, or 4 units wide each; each decimal digit to be encoded consists of two bars and two spaces chosen to have a total width of 7 units, in both an "even" and an "odd" parity form, which enables ...
A UPC-A barcode. A barcode or bar code is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form. Initially, barcodes represented data by varying the widths, spacings and sizes of parallel lines. These barcodes, now commonly referred to as linear or one-dimensional (1D), can be scanned by special optical scanners, called barcode ...
George Laurer. George Joseph Laurer III (September 23, 1925 – December 5, 2019) was an American engineer for IBM at Research Triangle Park in North Carolina. He published 20 bulletins, held 28 patents and developed the Universal Product Code (UPC) in the early 1970s. He devised the coding and pattern used for the UPC, based on Joe Woodland 's ...
EAN-8. An EAN-8 is an EAN/UPC symbology barcode and is derived from the longer International Article Number (EAN-13) code. [ 1] It was introduced for use on small packages where an EAN-13 barcode would be too large; for example on cigarettes, pencils, and chewing gum packets. It is encoded identically to the 12 digits of the UPC-A barcode ...
In computing, a human-readable medium or human-readable format is any encoding of data or information that can be naturally read by humans, resulting in human-readable data. It is often encoded as ASCII or Unicode text, rather than as binary data. In most contexts, the alternative to a human-readable representation is a machine-readable format ...
Co-inventor of the barcode. Norman Joseph Woodland (September 6, 1921 – December 9, 2012) was an American inventor and engineer, best known as one of the inventors of the barcode, for which he received a patent in October 1952. [ 1][ 2] Later, employed by IBM, he developed the format which became the ubiquitous Universal Product Code (UPC) of ...
An EPC RFID tag used by Wal-Mart. The Electronic Product Code ( EPC) is designed as a universal identifier (using an idiosyncratic numerical code for each different commodity [ 1]) that provides a unique identity for every physical object anywhere in the world, for all time. The EPC structure is defined in the EPCglobal Tag Data Standard, [ 2 ...
387. Bosnia and Herzegovina. 389. Montenegro. 390. Republic of Kosovo (EAN-imposed, no GS1 Member Organisation) [ 2] 400–440. Germany (440 code inherited from former East Germany upon reunification in 1990) 450–459.