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Kármán line. Earth's atmosphere photographed from the International Space Station. The orange and green line of airglow is at roughly the altitude of the Kármán line. [1] The Kármán line (or von Kármán line / vɒn ˈkɑːrmɑːn /) [2] is a conventional definition of the edge of space. It is not universally accepted.
For instance, in standard atmospheric conditions, for an observer with eye level above sea level by 1.70 metres (5 ft 7 in), the horizon is at a distance of about 4.7 kilometres (2.9 mi). When observed from very high standpoints, such as a space station , the horizon is much farther away and it encompasses a much larger area of Earth's surface.
On Earth, the zero elevation datum is based on sea level (the geoid). Since Mars has no oceans and hence no 'sea level', it is convenient to define an arbitrary zero-elevation level or "vertical datum" for mapping the surface, called areoid. The datum for Mars was defined initially in terms of a constant atmospheric pressure.
Olympus Mons ( / əˌlɪmpəs ˈmɒnz, oʊ -/; [4] Latin for ' Mount Olympus ') is a large shield volcano on Mars. It is over 21.9 km (13.6 mi; 72,000 ft) high as measured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), [5] about 2.5 times the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. It is Mars's tallest volcano, its tallest planetary mountain ...
Because Mars has no oceans, and hence no "sea level", ... The planet is 1.52 times as far from the Sun as Earth, resulting in just 43% of the amount of sunlight.
The gravity of Mars is a natural phenomenon, due to the law of gravity, or gravitation, by which all things with mass around the planet Mars are brought towards it. It is weaker than Earth's gravity due to the planet's smaller mass. The average gravitational acceleration on Mars is 3.72076 m/s 2 (about 38% of the gravity of Earth) and it varies ...
Averaging 7–10 km above datum (Martian "sea" level), Tharsis contains the highest elevations on the planet and the largest known volcanoes in the Solar System. Three enormous volcanoes, Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Arsia Mons (collectively known as the Tharsis Montes), sit aligned NE-SW along the crest of the bulge.
Sea levels have been comparatively stable over the past 6,500 years, ending with a 0.50 m sea level rise over the past 1,500 years. For example, about 10,200 years ago the last land bridge between mainland Europe and Great Britain was submerged, leaving behind a salt marsh. By 8000 years ago the marshes were drowned by the sea, leaving no trace ...