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Benzodiazepine overdose ( BZD OD) describes the ingestion of one of the drugs in the benzodiazepine class in quantities greater than are recommended or generally practiced. The most common symptoms of overdose include central nervous system (CNS) depression, impaired balance, ataxia, and slurred speech.
Flumazenil (also known as flumazepil, code name Ro 15-1788[ 3]) is a selective GABA A receptor antagonist [ 4] administered via injection, otic insertion, or intranasally. Therapeutically, it acts as both an antagonist and antidote to benzodiazepines (particularly in cases of overdose), through competitive inhibition .
Benzodiazepines ( BZD, BDZ, BZs ), colloquially called " benzos ", are a class of depressant drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring. They are prescribed to treat conditions such as anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures. The first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (Librium), was discovered ...
The tables below contain a sample list of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine analogs that are commonly prescribed, with their basic pharmacological characteristics, such as half-life and equivalent doses to other benzodiazepines, also listed, along with their trade names and primary uses. The elimination half-life is how long it takes for half ...
Diazepam. Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. [ 14] It is used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. [ 14]
A coma cocktail is a combination of substances administered in an emergency to comatose individuals when the cause of the coma has not yet been determined. [ 1] The intention is to work against various causes of a coma seen in an emergency setting including drug overdoses and hypoglycemia. The coma cocktail is sometimes colloquially referred to ...
Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication. [ 7] It is used to treat anxiety (including anxiety disorders ), trouble sleeping, severe agitation, active seizures including status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [ 7]
Chlordiazepoxide. Chlordiazepoxide, trade name Librium among others, is a sedative and hypnotic medication of the benzodiazepine class; it is used to treat anxiety, insomnia and symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol, benzodiazepines, and other drugs. Chlordiazepoxide has a medium to long half-life but its active metabolite has a very long half-life.