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Concentrated poverty. Concentrated poverty concerns the spatial distribution of socio-economic deprivation, specifically focusing on the density of poor populations. [1] Within the United States, common usage of the term concentrated poverty is observed in the fields of policy and scholarship referencing areas of "extreme" or "high-poverty."
Crime in South Africa. A graph of South Africa's murder rate (annual murders per 100,000 people) spanning the century from 1915 to 2022. The murder rate increased rapidly towards the end of Apartheid, reaching a peak in 1993. It then decreased until bottoming out at 30 per 100,000 in 2011, but steadily increased again to 41 per 100,000 in 2021 ...
Poverty can have diverse environmental, legal, social, economic, and political causes and effects. [1] When evaluating poverty in statistics or economics there are two main measures: absolute poverty which compares income against the amount needed to meet basic personal needs, such as food, clothing, and shelter; [2] secondly, relative poverty ...
The cumulative impact of legalized abortion on crime is roughly 45%, accounting for a very substantial portion of the roughly 50–55% overall decline from the peak of crime in the early 1990s." Levitt discussed this paper and the background and history of the original paper (including its criticisms) in an episode of the Freakonomics podcast ...
Shampaine Muldrow, who is 22, bears the heavy weight of a double impact, having been in both the Kansas foster care and juvenile justice systems since the age of 12.
In sociology, the social disorganization theory is a theory developed by the Chicago School, related to ecological theories. The theory directly links crime rates to neighbourhood ecological characteristics; a core principle of social disorganization theory that states location matters. In other words, a person's residential location is a ...
In the United States, the relationship between race and crime has been a topic of public controversy and scholarly debate for more than a century. [1] Crime rates vary significantly between racial groups; however, academic research indicates that the over-representation of some racial minorities in the criminal justice system can in part be explained by socioeconomic factors, [2] [3] such as ...
It targets social programs and law enforcement at neighborhoods where crime rates are high. Much of the crime that is happening in neighbourhoods with high crime rates is related to social and physical problems. The use of secondary crime prevention in cities such as Birmingham and Bogotá has achieved large reductions in crime and violence ...