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A drawing of a graph. In mathematics, graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called arcs, links or lines ).
Total graph. Tree (graph theory). Trellis (graph) Turán graph. Ultrahomogeneous graph. Vertex-transitive graph. Visibility graph. Museum guard problem. Wheel graph.
The rooted product of graphs. In mathematical graph theory, the rooted product of a graph G and a rooted graph H is defined as follows: take |V ( G) | copies of H, and for every vertex vi of G, identify vi with the root node of the i -th copy of H . More formally, assuming that. and that the root node of H is h1, define. where. and.
Algebraic graph theory is a branch of mathematics in which algebraic methods are applied to problems about graphs. This is in contrast to geometric, combinatoric, or algorithmic approaches. There are three main branches of algebraic graph theory, involving the use of linear algebra, the use of group theory, and the study of graph invariants .
Graph isomorphism. In graph theory, an isomorphism of graphs G and H is a bijection between the vertex sets of G and H. such that any two vertices u and v of G are adjacent in G if and only if and are adjacent in H. This kind of bijection is commonly described as "edge-preserving bijection", in accordance with the general notion of isomorphism ...
The Cartesian product of two edges is a cycle on four vertices: K 2 K 2 = C 4. The Cartesian product of K 2 and a path graph is a ladder graph. The Cartesian product of two path graphs is a grid graph. ( K 2 ) n = Q n . {\displaystyle (K_ {2})^ {\square n}=Q_ {n}.} Thus, the Cartesian product of two hypercube graphs is another hypercube: Q i Q ...
Neighbourhood (graph theory) In this graph, the vertices adjacent to 5 are 1, 2 and 4. The neighbourhood of 5 is the graph consisting of the vertices 1, 2, 4 and the edge connecting 1 and 2. In graph theory, an adjacent vertex of a vertex v in a graph is a vertex that is connected to v by an edge. The neighbourhood of a vertex v in a graph G is ...
Spectral graph theory. In mathematics, spectral graph theory is the study of the properties of a graph in relationship to the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors of matrices associated with the graph, such as its adjacency matrix or Laplacian matrix . The adjacency matrix of a simple undirected graph is a real symmetric ...