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v. t. e. The Tamil script ( தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி Tamiḻ ariccuvaṭi [tamiɻ ˈaɾitːɕuʋaɽi]) is an abugida script that is used by Tamils and Tamil speakers in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and elsewhere to write the Tamil language. [ 5] It is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic.
They are voiced otherwise. Tamil is characterized by its use of more than one type of coronal consonants: like many of the other languages of India, it contains a series of retroflex consonants. Notably, the Tamil retroflex series includes the retroflex approximant /ɻ/ ( ழ) (example Tami ḻ; often transcribed 'zh').
Simplified Tamil script or Reformed Tamil script refers to several governmental reforms to the Tamil script . In 1978, the Government of Tamil Nadu reformed certain syllables of the modern Tamil script with view to simplify the script. [1] It aimed to standardize non-standard ligatures of ஆ ā, ஒ o, ஓ ō and ஐ ai syllables. [2]
Vowel letters are used rather than diacritics, and they occur after consonants in their spoken order. The last two letters, ⠰ ṉ and ⠷ ḻ, are shared with Malayalam, but otherwise ⠰ ṉ is used for the anusvara (nasalization) in other Bharati alphabets, while ⠷ ḻ is also used in Urdu Braille but for the unrelated letter ʻayn .
Historical background. Tamil-Brahmi is considered to be the earliest script used to write the Tamil language. This was replaced by Vattezhuttu, possibly due to writing on palm-leaves. The relationship between Vattezhuttu and Tamil-Brahmi are inconclusive. [1]
Vatteluttu probably started developing from Tamil-Brahmi from around the 4th or 5th century AD. [2] [9] [10] The earliest forms of the script have been traced to memorial stone inscriptions from the 4th century AD. [2] It is distinctly attested in a number of inscriptions in Tamil Nadu from the 6th century AD. [4]
Traditional Tamil grammar consists of five parts, namely eḻuttu, sol, poruḷ, yāppu, and aṇi. Of these, the last two are mostly applicable in poetry. [ 1] The following table gives additional information about these parts. Eḻuttu (writing) defines and describes the letters of the Tamil alphabet and their classification.
Extended-Tamil script or Tamil-Grantha refers to a script used to write the Tamil language before the 20th century Tamil purist movement. Tamil-Grantha is a mixed-script: a combination of the conservative-Tamil script that independently evolved from pre-Pallava script, combined with consonants imported from a later-stage evolved Grantha script (from Pallava-Grantha) to write non-Tamil consonants.