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The van Cittert–Zernike theorem, named after physicists Pieter Hendrik van Cittert and Frits Zernike, [ 1] is a formula in coherence theory that states that under certain conditions the Fourier transform of the intensity distribution function of a distant, incoherent source is equal to its complex visibility. [ 2][ 3] This implies that the ...
Coherence (physics) Coherence expresses the potential for two waves to interfere. Two monochromatic beams from a single source always interfere. [ 1]: 286 Wave sources are not strictly monochromatic: they may be partly coherent. Beams from different sources are mutually incoherent . When interfering, two waves add together to create a wave of ...
Coherence (signal processing) In signal processing, the coherence is a statistic that can be used to examine the relation between two signals or data sets. It is commonly used to estimate the power transfer between input and output of a linear system. If the signals are ergodic, and the system function is linear, it can be used to estimate the ...
Ocular OCT retinal thickness map, right eye Time-domain OCT of the macular area of a retina at 800 nm, axial resolution 3 μm Spectral-domain OCT macula cross-section scan. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a technique for obtaining sub-surface images of translucent or opaque materials at a resolution equivalent to a low-power microscope.
In category theory, monoidal functors are functors between monoidal categories which preserve the monoidal structure. More specifically, a monoidal functor between two monoidal categories consists of a functor between the categories, along with two coherence maps —a natural transformation and a morphism that preserve monoidal multiplication ...
Coherence length. In physics, coherence length is the propagation distance over which a coherent wave (e.g. an electromagnetic wave) maintains a specified degree of coherence. Wave interference is strong when the paths taken by all of the interfering waves differ by less than the coherence length. A wave with a longer coherence length is closer ...
Higher order coherence or n-th order coherence (for any positive integer n>1) extends the concept of coherence to quantum optics and coincidence experiments. [1] It is used to differentiate between optics experiments that require a quantum mechanical description from those for which classical fields are sufficient.
In physics, specifically in quantum mechanics, a coherent state is the specific quantum state of the quantum harmonic oscillator, often described as a state that has dynamics most closely resembling the oscillatory behavior of a classical harmonic oscillator. It was the first example of quantum dynamics when Erwin Schrödinger derived it in ...