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Autogenous vaccines. Autogenous vaccines, also called autologous vaccines, autovaccines, “self” or custom vaccines, are vaccines that are prepared by isolation and destruction of microorganisms in infected individuals and used to provide immunity to the same individual. [ 1][ 2] Autogenous vaccines were introduced in the early twentieth ...
e. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. [ 1][ 2] The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. [ 3][ 4] A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or ...
Vaccinia virus ( VACV or VV) is a large, complex, enveloped virus belonging to the poxvirus family. [ 2] It has a linear, double-stranded DNA genome approximately 190 kbp in length, which encodes approximately 250 genes. The dimensions of the virion are roughly 360 × 270 × 250 nm, with a mass of approximately 5–10 fg. [ 3]
Viral vector vaccine. A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material ( DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. [ 1] As of April 2021, six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola ...
Vaccination is the administration of a vaccine to help the immune system develop immunity from a disease. Vaccines contain a microorganism or virus in a weakened, live or killed state, or proteins or toxins from the organism. In stimulating the body's adaptive immunity, they help prevent sickness from an infectious disease.
Attenuated vaccine. An attenuated vaccine (or a live attenuated vaccine, LAV) is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (or "live"). [ 1] Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. [ 2] These vaccines contrast to those produced by "killing ...
Inactivated vaccine. An inactivated vaccine (or killed vaccine) is a vaccine consisting of virus particles, bacteria, or other pathogens that have been grown in culture and then killed to destroy disease-producing capacity. In contrast, live vaccines use pathogens that are still alive (but are almost always attenuated, that is, weakened).
Recombinant live vaccine. Live recombinant vaccines are biological preparations that stimulate immune responses to a pathogen through the use of genetically modified live bacteria or viruses. These live pathogens are biologically engineered to express exogenous antigens in the cytoplasm of target cells, thereby triggering immune responses. [ 1]
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