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Ethanol is a commonly used medical alcohol. Alcohols, in various forms, are used medically as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and antidote. [1] Alcohols applied to the skin are used to disinfect skin before a needle stick and before surgery. [2] They may also be used as a hand sanitizer; [2] to clean other areas; [2] and in mouthwashes.
The brain is a major target for the actions of alcohol, and heavy alcohol consumption has long been associated with brain damage. Studies clearly indicate that alcohol is neurotoxic, with direct effects on nerve cells. Chronic alcohol abusers are at additional risk for brain injury from related causes, such as poor nutrition, liver disease, and ...
Medical condition Alcoholism Other names Alcohol addiction, alcohol dependence syndrome, alcohol use disorder (AUD) A French temperance organisation poster depicting the effects of alcoholism in a family, c. 1915: "Ah! When will we be rid of alcohol?" Specialty Psychiatry, clinical psychology, toxicology, addiction medicine Symptoms Drinking large amounts of alcohol over a long period ...
Alcohol dependence is a previous ( DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol (also chemically known as ethanol ). In 2013, it was reclassified as alcohol use disorder in DSM-5, [1] which combined alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse into this diagnosis.
Holiday heart syndrome, also known as alcohol-induced atrial arrhythmias, is a syndrome defined by an irregular heartbeat and palpitations [1] associated with high levels of ethanol consumption. [2] Holiday heart syndrome was discovered in 1978 when Philip Ettinger discovered the connection between arrhythmia and alcohol consumption. [3]
Specialty. Psychiatry. The modern disease theory of alcoholism states that problem drinking is sometimes caused by a disease of the brain, characterized by altered brain structure and function. Today, alcohol use disorder (AUD) is used as a more scientific and suitable approach to alcohol dependence and alcohol -related problems.
Alcoholic polyneuropathy is a neurological disorder in which peripheral nerves throughout the body malfunction simultaneously. It is defined by axonal degeneration in neurons of both the sensory and motor systems and initially occurs at the distal ends of the longest axons in the body.
The short-term effects of alcohol consumption range from a decrease in anxiety and motor skills and euphoria at lower doses to intoxication (drunkenness), to stupor, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia (memory "blackouts"), and central nervous system depression at higher doses. Cell membranes are highly permeable to alcohol, so once it is in ...