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The A.C. Nielsen company, which continues to measure television ratings today, took over American radio's ratings beginning with the 1949–50 radio season and ending in 1955–56. [40] During this era, nearly all of radio's most popular programs were broadcast on one of three networks: NBC Red, NBC Blue, or CBS' Columbia network.
Nielsen Audio (formerly Arbitron) is a consumer research company in the United States that collects listener data on radio broadcasting audiences. It was founded as the American Research Bureau by Jim Seiler in 1949 and became national by merging with Los Angeles–based Coffin, Cooper, and Clay in the early 1950s. [2]
Nielsen Media Research ( NMR) is an American firm that measures media audiences, including television, radio, theatre, films (via the AMC Theatres MAP program), and newspapers. Headquartered in New York City, it is best known for the Nielsen ratings, an audience measurement system of television viewership that for years has been the deciding ...
Ratings are collected year-round, but findings are not made public for about 10 weeks in the summer to allow the networks to experiment with schedules. Radio surveys are conducted by Nielsen Media Research Australia. In Israel, MBER provides radio and TV measurements. In Argentina, radio and television measurement is by Ibope and Infortecnica.
Radio broadcastinghas been used in the United States since the early 1920s to distribute news and entertainment to a national audience. In 1923, 1 percent of U.S. households owned at least one radio receiver, while a majority did by 1931 and 75 percent did by 1937. [1][2]It was the first electronic "mass medium" technology, and its introduction ...
WTOP-FM (103.5 FM) – branded "WTOP Radio" and "WTOP News" – is a commercial all-news radio station licensed to serve Washington, D.C. Owned by Hubbard Broadcasting, [4] the station serves the Washington metropolitan area, extending its reach through two repeater stations: WTLP (103.9 FM) in Braddock Heights, Maryland, [5] and WWWT-FM (107.7) in Manassas, Virginia. [6]
The Crossley ratings (or Crossleys) were an audience measurement system created to determine the audience size of radio broadcasts beginning in 1930. Developed by Archibald Crossley, the ratings were generated using information collected by telephone surveys to random homes. In 1930, Crossley spearheaded the formation of the Cooperative ...
Time spent listening(TSL) is one of the measurements surveyed by Nielsen Audioin determining ratings for radio stations in the United States. It is the equivalent of AverageTime Exposed (ATE), Daily or Weekly. TSL is defined as the amount of time the average listener surveyed spent listening to each radio station at one time, before changing ...