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The main academic full-text databases are open archives or link-resolution services, although others operate under different models such as mirroring or hybrid publishers. Such services typically provide access to full text and full-text search, but also metadata about items for which no full text is available.
Active. Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search, Google Print, and by its code-name Project Ocean) [ 1] is a service from Google that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database. [ 2]
Google Scholar is a freely accessible web search engine that indexes the full text or metadata of scholarly literature across an array of publishing formats and disciplines. . Released in beta in November 2004, the Google Scholar index includes peer-reviewed online academic journals and books, conference papers, theses and dissertations, preprints, abstracts, technical reports, and other ...
[2] [9] Before the release, it was difficult to quantify the rate of linguistic change because of the absence of a database that was designed for this purpose, said Steven Pinker, [10] a well-known linguist who was one of the co-authors of the Science paper published on the same day. [1] The Google Books Ngram Viewer was hence developed in the ...
The RIS file format —two letters, two spaces and a hyphen—is a tagged format for expressing bibliographic citations. According to the specifications, [ 3][ 4][ 5] the lines must end with the ASCII carriage return and line feed characters. Note that this is the convention on Microsoft Windows, while in other contemporary operating systems ...
Arthur Jensen. " How Much Can We Boost IQ and Achievement? " is a 1969 article by Arthur Jensen published in the Harvard Educational Review. [ 1] It is among the most controversial [ 2][ 3] in American psychology, and was largely responsible for initiating the current debate over race and intelligence. [ 4][ 5]
v. t. e. Z-Library (abbreviated as z-lib, formerly BookFinder) is a shadow library project for file-sharing access to scholarly journal articles, academic texts and general-interest books. It began as a mirror of Library Genesis, but has expanded dramatically. [ 6][ 7]
PostScript is a Turing-complete programming language, belonging to the concatenative group of programming languages. It is an interpreted, stack-based language similar to Forth but with strong dynamic typing, data structures inspired by those found in Lisp, scoped memory and, since language level 2, garbage collection.