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  2. Rotation of axes in two dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_of_axes_in_two...

    In mathematics, a rotation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy - Cartesian coordinate system to an x′y′ -Cartesian coordinate system in which the origin is kept fixed and the x′ and y′ axes are obtained by rotating the x and y axes counterclockwise through an angle . A point P has coordinates ( x, y) with respect to the ...

  3. Rotation matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_matrix

    Appearance. In linear algebra, a rotation matrix is a transformation matrix that is used to perform a rotation in Euclidean space. For example, using the convention below, the matrix. rotates points in the xy plane counterclockwise through an angle θ about the origin of a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

  4. Euler's rotation theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_rotation_theorem

    A rotation represented by an Euler axis and angle. In geometry, Euler's rotation theorem states that, in three-dimensional space, any displacement of a rigid body such that a point on the rigid body remains fixed, is equivalent to a single rotation about some axis that runs through the fixed point. It also means that the composition of two ...

  5. Rotation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_(mathematics)

    Rotation of an object in two dimensions around a point O. Rotation in mathematics is a concept originating in geometry. Any rotation is a motion of a certain space that preserves at least one point. It can describe, for example, the motion of a rigid body around a fixed point. Rotation can have a sign (as in the sign of an angle ): a clockwise ...

  6. Axis–angle representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis–angle_representation

    The angle θ and axis unit vector e define a rotation, concisely represented by the rotation vector θe.. In mathematics, the axis–angle representation parameterizes a rotation in a three-dimensional Euclidean space by two quantities: a unit vector e indicating the direction (geometry) of an axis of rotation, and an angle of rotation θ describing the magnitude and sense (e.g., clockwise) of ...

  7. Contour integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contour_integration

    Contour integrals. The contour integral of a complex function: is a generalization of the integral for real-valued functions. For continuous functions in the complex plane, the contour integral can be defined in analogy to the line integral by first defining the integral along a directed smooth curve in terms of an integral over a real valued parameter.

  8. Earth's rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_rotation

    Earth's rotation. Earth's rotation or Earth's spin is the rotation of planet Earth around its own axis, as well as changes in the orientation of the rotation axis in space. Earth rotates eastward, in prograde motion. As viewed from the northern polar star Polaris, Earth turns counterclockwise . The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North ...

  9. Rotation formalisms in three dimensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotation_formalisms_in...

    This is Rodrigues' formula for the axis of a composite rotation defined in terms of the axes of the two component rotations. He derived this formula in 1840 (see page 408). The three rotation axes A, B, and C form a spherical triangle and the dihedral angles between the planes formed by the sides of this triangle are defined by the rotation angles