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Line chart. A line chart or line graph, also known as curve chart, [ 1] is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments. [ 2] It is a basic type of chart common in many fields. It is similar to a scatter plot except that the measurement points are ordered (typically by ...
The graph of the logarithm base 2 crosses the x-axis at x = 1 and passes through the points (2, 1), (4, 2), and (8, 3), depicting, e.g., log 2 (8) = 3 and 2 3 = 8. The graph gets arbitrarily close to the y-axis, but does not meet it. Addition, multiplication, and exponentiation are three of the most fundamental arithmetic operations.
The top left graph is linear in the X and Y axes, and the Y-axis ranges from 0 to 10. A base-10 log scale is used for the Y axis of the bottom left graph, and the Y axis ranges from 0.1 to 1,000. The top right graph uses a log-10 scale for just the X axis, and the bottom right graph uses a log-10 scale for both the X axis and the Y axis.
In a line graph L(G), each vertex of degree k in the original graph G creates k(k − 1)/2 edges in the line graph. For many types of analysis this means high-degree nodes in G are over-represented in the line graph L(G). For instance, consider a random walk on the vertices of the original graph G.
The Riemann zeta function ζ(s) is a function of a complex variable s = σ + it, where σ and t are real numbers. (The notation s, σ, and t is used traditionally in the study of the zeta function, following Riemann.) When Re (s) = σ > 1, the function can be written as a converging summation or as an integral: where. is the gamma function.
A signal-flow graph or signal-flowgraph ( SFG ), invented by Claude Shannon, [1] but often called a Mason graph after Samuel Jefferson Mason who coined the term, [2] is a specialized flow graph, a directed graph in which nodes represent system variables, and branches (edges, arcs, or arrows) represent functional connections between pairs of ...
A cycle graph or circular graph of order n ≥ 3 is a graph in which the vertices can be listed in an order v 1, v 2, …, v n such that the edges are the {v i, v i+1} where i = 1, 2, …, n − 1, plus the edge {v n, v 1}. Cycle graphs can be characterized as connected graphs in which the degree of all vertices is 2.
Beineke [2] characterized line graphs of graphs by a list of 9 forbidden induced subgraphs. (See the article on line graphs.)No characterization by forbidden induced subgraphs is known of line graphs of k-uniform hypergraphs for any k ≥ 3, and Lovász [3] showed there is no such characterization by a finite list if k = 3.