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Website. ielts .org. International English Language Testing System ( IELTS / ˈaɪ.ɛlts /) [6] is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council, IDP and Cambridge English, [6] and was established in 1989.
History of newspaper publishing. The modern newspaper is a European invention. [1] The oldest direct handwritten news sheets circulated widely in Venice as early as 1566. These weekly news sheets were full of information on wars and politics in Italy and Europe. The first printed newspapers were published weekly in Germany from 1605.
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa.
The English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. [13] The German term Deutschland, originally diutisciu land ('the German lands'), is derived from deutsch (cf. Dutch), descended from Old High German diutisc 'of the people' (from diot or diota 'people'), originally used to distinguish the language of ...
The Netherlands, [ j] informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. [ 13] The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea ...
Website. europa .eu. The European Union ( EU) is a supranational political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. [ 8][ 9] The Union has a total area of 4,233,255 km 2 (1,634,469 sq mi) and an estimated total population of over 449 million.
In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. The two largest peninsulas are Europe itself and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. Three smaller peninsulas— Iberia, Italy, and the Balkans —emerge from the southern margin of the mainland.
Poland, [ e] officially the Republic of Poland, [ f] is a country in Central Europe. Poland is divided into sixteen voivodeships and is the fifth-most populous member state of the European Union (EU), with population of over 39 million people, and the seventh-largest EU country, covering a combined area of 312,696 km 2 (120,733 sq mi).