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A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad Sallallahu 'Alaihi Wa Salam, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history. [4]
This article includes a list of successive Islamic states and Muslim dynasties beginning with the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (570–632 CE) and the early Muslim conquests that spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula, and continuing through to the present day.
Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya or Urdu Encyclopaedia of Islam ( Urdu: اردو دائرہ معارف اسلامیہ) is the largest Islamic encyclopedia published in Urdu by University of the Punjab. Originally it is a translated, expanded and revised version of Encyclopedia of Islam. Its composition began in the 1950s at University of the Punjab.
Mecca has been referred to by many names. As with many Arabic words, its etymology is obscure. [24] Widely believed to be a synonym for Makkah, it is said to be more specifically the early name for the valley located therein, while Muslim scholars generally use it to refer to the sacred area of the city that immediately surrounds and includes the Ka'bah.
Diagram showing the various branches of Islam: Sunnīsm, Shīʿīsm, Ibadism, Quranism, Non-denominational Muslims, Mahdavia, Ahmadiyya, Nation of Islam, and Sufism. The original schism between Kharijites, Sunnīs, and Shīʿas among Muslims was disputed over the political and religious succession to the guidance of the Muslim community ( Ummah ...
2 billion. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation founded in 1969 has 57 members, 56 of which are also member states of the United Nations, with 48 countries being Muslim majority countries. Some member countries, especially in West Africa and South America, are – though with large Muslim populations – not necessarily Muslim majority ...
An Islamic flag is the flag either representing an Islamic Caliphate, religious order, state, civil society, military force or other entity associated with Islam. Islamic flags have a distinct history due to the Islamic prescription on aniconism, making particular colours, inscriptions or symbols such as crescent-and-star popular choices.
India is the country with the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries with more than 200 million adherents. [ 24 ] The Middle East - North Africa ( MENA ) region hosts 23% of the world's Muslims, and Islam is the dominant religion in every country in the region [ 25 ] other than Israel .