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Islam in India. Muslim period in the Indian subcontinent is conventionally said to have started in 712, after the conquest of Sindh and Multan by the Umayyad Caliphate under the military command of Muhammad ibn al-Qasim. [ 1] It began in the Indian subcontinent in the course of a gradual conquest.
Hinduism, also called sanatana dharma (eternal dharma), is an Indian religion and a way of life primarily practiced in the Indian subcontinent. [ 32] Hinduism is an umbrella-term for the fusion of several Indian religions and traditions. Hinduism does not have a founder or a site-of-origin.
The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries. The Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor laid the foundation of Muslim rule in India in 1192, [216] expanding up to Bengal by 1202. The Ghurid Empire soon evolved into the Delhi Sultanate in 1206, transitioning to the Mamluk dynasty.
The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries. Earlier Muslim conquests in the subcontinent include the invasions which started in the northwestern subcontinent (modern-day Pakistan ), especially the Umayyad campaigns during the 8th century.
Sunni Islam [ 2] Alauddin Khalji ( Persian: علاء الدین خلجی; r. 1296–1316 ), born Ali Gurshasp, was a ruler from the Khalji dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent. Alauddin instituted a number of significant administrative changes in India, related to revenues, price controls, and society.
India is home to 10.9% of the world's Muslim population. [ 93][ 97] According to Pew Research Center, there can be 213 million Muslims in 2020, India's 15% population. [ 98][ 99] Indian Muslim have a fertility rate of 2.36, the highest in the nation as per as according to year 2019-21 estimation. [ 100]
Sunni Islam [ c] Imperial Seal. Muhi al-Din Muhammad (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known as Aurangzeb ( Persian pronunciation: [ʔaw.ɾaŋɡ.ˈzeːb] lit. 'Ornament of the Throne' ), was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707. His regnal name is Alamgir I ( Persian pronunciation: [ʔɑː.ˈlam ...
Shia Islam was brought to the Indian subcontinent during the final years of the Rashidun Caliphate. The Indian subcontinent also served as a refuge for some Shias escaping persecution from Umayyads, Abbasids, Ayyubids, and Ottomans. The immigration continued throughout the second millennium until the formation of modern nation states.