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2. List of NP-complete problems - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_NP-complete_problems

   The problem for graphs is NP-complete if the edge lengths are assumed integers. The problem for points on the plane is NP-complete with the discretized Euclidean metric and rectilinear metric. The problem is known to be NP-hard with the (non-discretized) Euclidean metric. [ 3]: ND22, ND23. Vehicle routing problem.

3. Greedy algorithm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greedy_algorithm

   A greedy algorithm is any algorithm that follows the problem-solving heuristic of making the locally optimal choice at each stage. [ 1] In many problems, a greedy strategy does not produce an optimal solution, but a greedy heuristic can yield locally optimal solutions that approximate a globally optimal solution in a reasonable amount of time.

4. Graph coloring - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_coloring

   Graph coloring. A proper vertex coloring of the Petersen graph with 3 colors, the minimum number possible. In graph theory, graph coloring is a special case of graph labeling; it is an assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph subject to certain constraints. In its simplest form, it is a way of coloring the ...

5. Chinese postman problem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_postman_problem

   In graph theory, a branch of mathematics and computer science, Guan's route problem, the Chinese postman problem, postman tour or route inspection problem is to find a shortest closed path or circuit that visits every edge of an (connected) undirected graph at least once. When the graph has an Eulerian circuit (a closed walk that covers every ...

6. Prim's algorithm - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim's_algorithm

   Prim's algorithm. In computer science, Prim's algorithm is a greedy algorithm that finds a minimum spanning tree for a weighted undirected graph. This means it finds a subset of the edges that forms a tree that includes every vertex, where the total weight of all the edges in the tree is minimized. The algorithm operates by building this tree ...

7. Pick's theorem - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pick's_theorem

   In geometry, Pick's theorem provides a formula for the area of a simple polygon with integer vertex coordinates, in terms of the number of integer points within it and on its boundary. The result was first described by Georg Alexander Pick in 1899. [ 2] It was popularized in English by Hugo Steinhaus in the 1950 edition of his book Mathematical ...