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Top Secret is the highest level of classification. However some information is further categorized/marked by adding a code word so that only those who have been cleared for each code word can see it. A document marked SECRET (CODE WORD) could be viewed only by a person with a secret or top secret clearance and that specific code word clearance.
Cryptography. Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized : kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively [ 1] ), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. [ 2]
Investigations. The following investigations are used in clearance determinations: [ 12] ANACI (Access National Agency Check with Inquiries) – Initial Confidential, Secret, L, LX; only used for civilian employees. NACLC (National Agency Check with Law and Credit) – Initial Confidential, Secret, L, LX; reinvestigations.
Kerckhoffs viewed cryptography as a rival to, and a better alternative than, steganographic encoding, which was common in the nineteenth century for hiding the meaning of military messages. One problem with encoding schemes is that they rely on humanly-held secrets such as "dictionaries" which disclose for example, the secret meaning of words.
Sensitive compartmented information ( SCI) is a type of United States classified information concerning or derived from sensitive intelligence sources, methods, or analytical processes. All SCI must be handled within formal access control systems established by the Director of National Intelligence. [ 1]
History of cryptography. Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers to protect secrets, began thousands of years ago. [ 1] Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might be called classical cryptography — that is, of methods of encryption that use pen and paper, or perhaps simple mechanical aids.
Code (cryptography) A portion of the "Zimmermann Telegram" as decrypted by British Naval Intelligence codebreakers. The word Arizona was not in the German codebook and had therefore to be split into phonetic syllables. Partially burnt pages from a World War II Soviet KGB two-part codebook. In cryptology, a code is a method used to encrypt a ...
Top Secret is the highest level of classified information. [4] Information is further compartmented so that specific access using a code word after top secret is a legal way to hide collective and important information. [5] Such material would cause "exceptionally grave damage" to national security if made publicly available. [6]