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Kerckhoffs's principle. Kerckhoffs's principle (also called Kerckhoffs's desideratum, assumption, axiom, doctrine or law) of cryptography was stated by Dutch-born cryptographer Auguste Kerckhoffs in the 19th century. The principle holds that a cryptosystem should be secure, even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge.
Cryptography. Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized : kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively [ 1] ), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. [ 2]
History of cryptography. Cryptography, the use of codes and ciphers to protect secrets, began thousands of years ago. [ 1] Until recent decades, it has been the story of what might be called classical cryptography — that is, of methods of encryption that use pen and paper, or perhaps simple mechanical aids.
The 140 series of Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are U.S. government computer security standards that specify requirements for cryptographic modules . As of October 2020, FIPS 140-2 and FIPS 140-3 are both accepted as current and active. [ 1] FIPS 140-3 was approved on March 22, 2019 as the successor to FIPS 140-2 and became ...
Encryption. In cryptography, encryption is the process of transforming (more specifically, encoding) information in a way that, ideally, only authorized parties can decode. This process converts the original representation of the information, known as plaintext, into an alternative form known as ciphertext. Despite its goal, encryption does not ...
In 1923, a US Navy officer acquired a stolen copy of the Secret Operating Code codebook used by the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War I.Photographs of the codebook were given to the cryptanalysts at the Research Desk and the processed code was kept in red-colored folders (to indicate its Top Secret classification).
Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to analyze") refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand hidden aspects of the systems. [ 1] Cryptanalysis is used to breach cryptographic security systems and gain access to the contents of encrypted messages, even if the cryptographic key is ...
Code (cryptography) A portion of the "Zimmermann Telegram" as decrypted by British Naval Intelligence codebreakers. The word Arizona was not in the German codebook and had therefore to be split into phonetic syllables. Partially burnt pages from a World War II Soviet KGB two-part codebook. In cryptology, a code is a method used to encrypt a ...