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e. Medieval Islamic geography and cartography refer to the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century). Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [ 1] explorers and merchants learned in their travels across ...
Abbasid Caliphate. The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire ( / əˈbæsɪd, ˈæbəsɪd /; Arabic: الْخِلَافَة الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, romanized : al-Khilāfa al-ʿAbbāsiyya) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib ...
1517 (in Cairo) The Abbasid dynasty or Abbasids ( Arabic: بنو العباس, romanized : Banu al-ʿAbbās) were an Arab dynasty that ruled the Abbasid Caliphate between 750 and 1258. They were from the Qurayshi Hashimid clan of Banu Abbas, descended from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib. The Abbasid Caliphate is divided into three main periods ...
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests ( Arabic: الْفُتُوحَاتُ الإسْلَامِيَّة, romanized : al-Futūḥāt al-ʾIslāmiyya ), [ 3] also known as the Arab conquests, [ 4] were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam. He established a new unified polity in Arabia based in Medina that ...
In Islamic terminology, Hajj is a pilgrimage made to the Kaaba, the "House of Allah," in the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia. It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam, alongside Shahadah (oath that one believes there is no god but Allah (God)), [ 6] salat (prayer), zakat (almsgiving), and sawm (fasting during Ramadan).
Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe. A Christian and a Muslim playing chess, illustration from the Book of Games of Alfonso X (c. 1285). [ 1] During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant.
573: Birth of Abu Bakr, the senior companion of Muhammad and his father-in-law. 576: Death of Aminah bint Wahb, the mother of Muhammad (approximate date). 576: Birth of Uthman, the second cousin and twice son-in-law of Muhammad. 578: Death of Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of Muhammad (approximate date). 579/582: Muhammad travels to Syria with ...
Islam first reached Maritime Southeast Asia through traders from Mecca in the 7th century, [ 138] particularly via the western part of what is now Indonesia. Arab traders from Yemen already had a presence in Asia through trading and travelling by sea, serving as intermediary traders to and from Europe and Africa.