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Since there is no universal agreement on Europe's regional composition, the placement of individual countries may vary based on criteria being used. For instance, the Balkans is a distinct geographical region within Europe, but individual countries may alternatively be grouped into South-eastern Europe or Southern Europe.
In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. The two largest peninsulas are Europe itself and Scandinavia to the north, divided from each other by the Baltic Sea. Three smaller peninsulas— Iberia, Italy, and the Balkans —emerge from the southern margin of the mainland.
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east. Europe shares the landmass of Eurasia with Asia, and of Afro-Eurasia with both Asia and Africa.
The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. Latvia ( / ˈlætviə / ⓘ LAT-vee-ə, sometimes / ˈlɑːtviə / LAHT-vee-ə; Latvian: Latvija Latvian pronunciation: [ˈlatvija] ), [14] officially the Republic of Latvia, [15] [16] is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.
Germany is the seventh-largest country in Europe. [ 4] It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and Czechia to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. Germany is also bordered by the North Sea and, at the north-northeast, by the Baltic Sea.
The Hague[b]is the capital city of the South Hollandprovince of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of the ...
Iceland ( Icelandic: Ísland, pronounced [ˈistlant] ⓘ) [d] is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is linked culturally and politically with Europe and is the region's most sparsely populated country. [12] Its capital and largest city is ...
The Netherlands, [ j] informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. [ 13] The Netherlands consists of twelve provinces; it borders Germany to the east and Belgium to the south, with a North Sea ...