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The planet Mars has two permanent polar ice caps. During a pole's winter, it lies in continuous darkness, chilling the surface and causing the deposition of 25–30% of the atmosphere into slabs of CO 2 ice ( dry ice ). When the poles are again exposed to sunlight, the frozen CO 2 sublimes. [1] These seasonal actions transport large amounts of ...
Planum Boreum (Latin: "the northern plain") is the northern polar plain on Mars.It extends northward from roughly 80°N and is centered at Surrounding the high polar plain is a flat and featureless lowland plain called Vastitas Borealis which extends for approximately 1500 kilometers southwards, dominating the northern hemisphere.
Climate of Mars. Mars' cloudy sky as seen by Perseverance rover in 2023, sol 738. The climate of Mars has been a topic of scientific curiosity for centuries, in part because it is the only terrestrial planet whose surface can be easily directly observed in detail from the Earth with help from a telescope .
Areography, also known as the geography of Mars, is a subfield of planetary science that entails the delineation and characterization of regions on Mars. Areography is mainly focused on what is called physical geography on Earth; that is the distribution of physical features across Mars and their cartographic representations.
The ice-filled Korolev crater near Mars's north pole is estimated to hold about 2,200 km 3 (530 cu mi), comparable in volume to the Great Bear Lake. Water in its liquid form cannot exist on the surface of Mars due to low atmospheric pressure, which is less than 1% that of Earth, except at the lowest of elevations for short periods.
The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology. In planetary science, the term geology is used in its broadest sense to mean the study of the ...
Vastitas Borealis is the large low elevation area surrounding 70°N. / 87.73; 32.53. Vastitas Borealis ( Latin for 'northern waste') [1] is the largest lowland region of Mars. It is in the northerly latitudes of the planet and encircles the northern polar region. [2] Vastitas Borealis is often simply referred to as the northern plains, northern ...
Valles (singular vallis) on Mars are similar to valleys on Earth. Some features that take this title may be better described as canyons or chasmata ; see List of Chasmata on Mars . Coordinates are given as planetocentric latitude with east longitude.