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Between the 9th and 14th centuries, the Muslim world developed many advanced economic concepts, techniques and usages. These ranged from areas of production, investment, finance, economic development, taxation, property use such as Hawala: an early informal value transfer system, Islamic trusts, known as waqf, systems of contract relied upon by merchants, a widely circulated common currency ...
Islamic manuscripts. Islamic manuscripts had a variety of functions ranging from Qur'anic recitation to Scientific notation. These manuscripts were produced in many different ways depending on their use and time period. Parchment ( vellum) was a common way to produce manuscripts. [1]
A sheet of National Telephone Company postage stamps. Postage stamp paper is the foundation or substrate of the postage stamp to which the ink for the stamp's design is applied to one side and the adhesive is applied to the other. The paper is not only the foundation of the stamp but it has also been incorporated into the stamp's design, has ...
Benjamin Franklin — George Washington The First U.S. Postage Stamps, issued 1847. The first stamp issues were authorized by an act of Congress and approved on March 3, 1847. [20] The earliest known use of the Franklin 5¢ is July 7, 1847, while the earliest known use of the Washington 10¢ is July 2, 1847.
The disruption of governance in the late 1980s and early 1990s due to civil war and the rise of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, led to stopping of stamp issues from 1989 to 2001, although the postal service continued to exist it functioned only haphazardly using existing stamp supplies. There are only a few postal items known from the 1996 ...
0955-2340 (print) 1471-6917 (web) Links. Journal homepage. The Journal of Islamic Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal for the field of Islamic studies. The journal was founded in 1992 at the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies and is published by Oxford University Press. [1] It is indexed by the ATLA Religion Database, the International ...
ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance (IIJIF) is an academic journal publishing research in the fields of Islamic economics and finance. It is published by the International Shari’ah Research Academy for Islamic Finance (ISRA), which has been vested the task to promote applied Shari’ah research in the niche area of Islamic finance.
J. Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam. Journal of Abbasid Studies. Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies. Journal of Islamic Studies. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs. Journal of Qur'anic Studies. Journal of Shi'a Islamic Studies.