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Quartile. In statistics, quartiles are a type of quantiles which divide the number of data points into four parts, or quarters, of more-or-less equal size. The data must be ordered from smallest to largest to compute quartiles; as such, quartiles are a form of order statistic. The three quartiles, resulting in four data divisions, are as follows:
Data analysis is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-making. [ 1] Data analysis has multiple facets and approaches, encompassing diverse techniques under a variety of names, and is used in different business, science ...
In statistics, a moving average ( rolling average or running average or moving mean[ 1] or rolling mean) is a calculation to analyze data points by creating a series of averages of different selections of the full data set. Variations include: simple, cumulative, or weighted forms. Mathematically, a moving average is a type of convolution.
Data are commonly used in scientific research, economics, and virtually every other form of human organizational activity. Examples of data sets include price indices (such as the consumer price index), unemployment rates, literacy rates, and census data. In this context, data represent the raw facts and figures from which useful information ...
Data visualization refers to the techniques used to communicate data or information by encoding it as visual objects (e.g., points, lines, or bars) contained in graphics. The goal is to communicate information clearly and efficiently to users. It is one of the steps in data analysis or data science. According to Vitaly Friedman (2008) the "main ...
In statistics, an outlier is a data point that differs significantly from other observations. [ 1][ 2] An outlier may be due to a variability in the measurement, an indication of novel data, or it may be the result of experimental error; the latter are sometimes excluded from the data set. [ 3][ 4] An outlier can be an indication of exciting ...
Imputation (statistics) In statistics, imputation is the process of replacing missing data with substituted values. When substituting for a data point, it is known as " unit imputation "; when substituting for a component of a data point, it is known as " item imputation ". There are three main problems that missing data causes: missing data ...
The five-number summary is a set of descriptive statistics that provides information about a dataset. It consists of the five most important sample percentiles : the sample minimum (smallest observation) the lower quartile or first quartile. the median (the middle value) the upper quartile or third quartile.