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In the United States, the Electoral College is the group of presidential electors that is formed every four years during the presidential election for the sole purpose of voting for the president and vice president. The process is described in Article II of the U.S. Constitution. [ 1] The number of electoral votes a state has equals its number ...
A major branch of social choice theory is devoted to the comparison of electoral systems, otherwise known as social choice functions. Viewed from the perspective of political science, electoral systems are rules for conducting elections and determining winners from the ballots cast. From the perspective of economics, mathematics, and philosophy ...
Gallagher index measures an electoral system's relative disproportionality between votes received and seats in a legislature. [18] The Pedersen index is a measure of political volatility in party systems. Other measured aspects of democracy include voter turnout, efficiency gap, wasted vote, and political efficacy. [19] [20]
The Democracy Indices by V-Dem are democracy indices published by the V-Dem Institute that describe qualities of different democracies. This dataset is published on an annual basis and is publicly available and free. [ 1] In particular, the V-Dem dataset is popular among political scientists and describes the characteristics of political ...
The margin of victory in a U.S. presidential election, with the exception below, is the difference between the number of Electoral College votes garnered by the candidate with an absolute majority of electoral votes (since 1964, it has been 270 out of 538) and the number received by the second place candidate (currently in the range of 2 to 538 ...
The following is a table of United States presidential election results by state. They are indirect elections in which voters in each state cast ballots for a slate of electors of the U.S. Electoral College who pledge to vote for a specific political party's nominee for president. Bold italic text indicates the winner of the election.
Score voting, sometimes called range voting, is an electoral system for single-seat elections. Voters give each candidate a numerical score, and the candidate with the highest average score is elected. [ 1 ] Score voting includes the well-known approval voting (used in approval ratings ), but also lets voters give partial (in-between) approval ...
In political science, the effective number of parties is a diversity index introduced by Laakso and Rein Taagepera (1979), [ 1] which provides for an adjusted number of political parties in a country's party system, weighted by their relative size. The measure is especially useful when comparing party systems across countries.