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Genetic map function. In genetics, mapping functions are used to model the relationship between map distance (measured in map units or centimorgans) between markers and recombination frequency between markers. One utility of this is that it allows values to be obtained for genetic distances, which is typically not estimable, from recombination ...
Figure 1: Genetic distance map by Cavalli-Sforza et al. (1994) [1] Genetic distance is a measure of the genetic divergence between species or between populations within a species, whether the distance measures time from common ancestor or degree of differentiation. [2] Populations with many similar alleles have small genetic distances.
There are two distinctive mapping approaches used in the field of genome mapping: genetic maps (also known as linkage maps) [7] and physical maps. [3] While both maps are a collection of genetic markers and gene loci, [8] genetic maps' distances are based on the genetic linkage information, while physical maps use actual physical distances usually measured in number of base pairs.
Centimorgan. In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit ( m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage. It is defined as the distance between chromosome positions (also termed loci or markers) for which the expected average number of intervening chromosomal crossovers in a single generation is 0.01.
A linkage map (also known as a genetic map) is a table for a species or experimental population that shows the position of its known genes or genetic markers relative to each other in terms of recombination frequency, rather than a specific physical distance along each chromosome.
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Linkage disequilibrium. In population genetics, linkage disequilibrium ( LD) is a measure of non-random association between segments of DNA ( alleles) at different positions on the chromosome ( loci) in a given population based on a comparison between the frequency at which two alleles are detected together at the same loci and the frequencies ...
Distance is often defined as the fraction of mismatches at aligned positions, with gaps either ignored or counted as mismatches. [1] Distance-matrix methods are frequently used as the basis for progressive and iterative types of multiple sequence alignment . The main disadvantage of distance-matrix methods is their inability to efficiently use ...